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Month-by-month drawdown of a retirement balance: how many years the money lasts at a monthly withdrawal that rises with inflation, the age it runs out, the odds of being alive then, and the most that could be withdrawn to last 20, 25 or 30 years.

The largest starting monthly withdrawal, rising with inflation, that a balance can support for a chosen number of years at a given return, inflation and tax rate.

The annual 72(t) substantially equal periodic payment under all three IRS methods in Notice 2022-6: fixed amortization, fixed annuitization and required minimum distribution, using the 2022 life-expectancy and mortality tables.

The date a 72(t) series may be changed without the recapture penalty: the later of five years from the first payment and the owner reaching 59 1/2, computed in calendar months the way the IRS does (six months after the 59th birthday, not 0.

The required minimum distribution for a year from a traditional IRA, 401(k) or similar account: the prior 31 December balance divided by the IRS Uniform Lifetime Table factor at the age reached that year, with the required beginning age from the birth year (72, 73 or 75 under SECURE 2.

A retiree's federal income tax for tax year 2026: the taxable share of Social Security (the Publication 915 worksheet), the standard deduction with the 65-plus additions and the senior deduction phase-out, ordinary brackets, the 0/15/20% stack for long-term gains and qualified dividends, the 3.

What converting an amount from a traditional IRA or 401(k) to a Roth costs in federal tax for 2026, on top of everything else that year, including the extra Social Security it makes taxable and the senior deduction it phases out.

How an early retiree pays for the years between leaving work and 59 1/2, one year at a time, under three strategies: taxable first with a Roth conversion ladder, a 72(t) series on a carved-off IRA, or a blend.

Compares a pension's lump-sum offer with its monthly annuity: the payout rate the pension implies, the age the invested lump sum runs out paying the same amount, the steady return the lump sum must earn to match the pension to a planning age, and the odds of being alive at each point on the IRS unisex mortality table, with a verdict.

A withdrawal schedule for a non-spouse heir under the 10-year rule: the level annual withdrawal that empties the account exactly at the deadline, year-by-year balances and tax at a flat rate, and, when the owner had already started required distributions, the annual minimums for years one to nine under the 2024 final regulations (Single Life Table factor reduced by one each year).

What claiming Social Security at each age pays, from 62 to 70, using the statutory reduction (5/9 of 1% a month for the first 36 months early, then 5/12 of 1%) and delayed retirement credits (2/3 of 1% a month to 70); the cumulative benefit by age with an optional COLA; the break-even ages between claiming ages; and optionally the case where early payments are invested at a return.

How a US state taxes retirement income: Social Security, pensions, and IRA and 401(k) withdrawals, plus the estate or inheritance tax, sales and property tax levels, and an estimated effective state income tax on $40,000 of withdrawals for a 65-year-old single filer.

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